Preclinical
Extrapolated
A 2025 narrative review published in Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine (Springer) concludes that BPC-157 drives robust preclinical regeneration across tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone via at least three distinct molecular pathways — yet zero human RCTs exist, and its angiogenic signaling raises unresolved oncogenic questions that performance athletes and practitioners cannot currently quantify.